Linux(CentOS7)安装Tomcat与设置Tomcat为开机启动项(tomcat8为例)

(编辑:jimmy 日期: 2024/12/25 浏览:2)

安装Tomcat

下载Tomcat压缩包

Tomcat有Tomcat7,Tomcat8和Tomcat9等版本,目前企业使用较多的是Tomcat8,所以这里以Tomcat8为列

进入Tomcat8下载网址:Tomcat8下载网址https://tomcat.apache.org/download-80.cgi

点击左侧Download下的对应版本,这里我下载的是apache-tomcat-8.5.47.tar.gz,即Linux环境的压缩包

Tomcat主要有三个安装版本

  • tar.gz:Linux环境下的压缩包,免安装
  • Windows.zip:Windows压缩包,免安装,解压即用,同时注意根据自己电脑是64位系统还是32位系统下载对应的压缩包
  • Windows Service Installer:Windows安装包,32位和64位版本的Windows系统都适用

安装Tomcat

将下载好的apache-tomcat-8.5.47.tar.gz放到指定目录,我这里放到/usr/local/tomcat,如下图所示

进入/usr/local/tomcat目录,解压Tomcat压缩包

# 进入/usr/local/tomcat目录
cd /usr/local/tomcat
# 解压Tomcat压缩包
tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.47.tar.gz

启动Tomcat

进入Tomcat的bin目录,启动Tomcat

# 进入Tomcat的bin目录,启动Tomcat
cd apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin/
# 启动Tomcat
./startup.sh

查看Tomcat是否启动成功

# 查看Tomcat是否启动成功执行
ps -ef | grep tomcat
# 如果输出如下,说明Tomcat安装成功
root  2381  1 11 22:18 pts/0 00:00:02 /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_152/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47 -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root  2513 29060 0 22:18 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat

使用浏览器访问Tomcat,地址Linux的ip:8080,我这里的ip端口是http://47.106.106.158:8080/,如下图说明在Linux(CentOS7)环境安装启动Tomcat成功,为自己点一个赞

注意:开放8080端口或者关闭防火墙

附加:开放8080端口或者关闭防火墙,如果是阿里云只能在阿里云控制台配置开放端口

# 开启8080端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent
# 查询端口号8080是否开启
firewall-cmd --query-port=8080/tcp
# 重启防火墙
firewall-cmd --reload
# 查看开放端口列表
firewall-cmd --list-port
# 命令含义
--zone #作用域
--add-port=8080/tcp #添加端口,格式为:端口/通讯协议
--permanent #永久生效,没有此参数重启后失效
# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止firewall
systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动

设置Tomcat为开机启动项

按照上面的方式启动Tomcat,如果我们的虚拟机或者服务器关闭了,重启服务器后Tomcat是关闭的,但是我们希望虚拟机或者服务器重启后,Tomcat可以自己启动,所以我们需要设置Tomcat为开机启动项

创建setenv.sh文件,为Tomcat添加启动参数

catalina.sh在执行的时候会调用同级路径下的setenv.sh来设置额外的环境变量,因此在/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin路径下创建setenv.sh文件,内容如下:

# 设置Tomcat的PID文件
CATALINA_PID="$CATALINA_BASE/tomcat.pid"
# 添加JVM选项
JAVA_OPTS="-server -XX:PermSize=256M -XX:MaxPermSize=1024m -Xms512M -Xmx1024M -XX:MaxNewSize=256m"

/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin/catalina.sh文件开头添加JAVA_HOME和JRE_HOME,其中/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_152为jdk的安装目录

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_152
export JRE_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_152/jre

如果在catalina.sh不配置JAVA_HOME和JRE_HOME就会报如下的错误

[root@JourWon ~]# systemctl status tomcat
● tomcat.service - Tomcat
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
 Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2019-10-21 19:54:54 CST; 6s ago
 Process: 8746 ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Oct 21 19:54:54 JourWon systemd[1]: Starting Tomcat...
Oct 21 19:54:54 JourWon startup.sh[8746]: Neither the JAVA_HOME nor the JRE_...d
Oct 21 19:54:54 JourWon startup.sh[8746]: At least one of these environment ...m
Oct 21 19:54:54 JourWon systemd[1]: tomcat.service: control process exited,...=1
Oct 21 19:54:54 JourWon systemd[1]: Failed to start Tomcat.
Oct 21 19:54:54 JourWon systemd[1]: Unit tomcat.service entered failed state.
Oct 21 19:54:54 JourWon systemd[1]: tomcat.service failed.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

在/usr/lib/systemd/system路径下添加tomcat.service文件,内容如下:

[Unit]
Description=Tomcat
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
[Service]
Type=forking
TimeoutSec=0
PIDFile=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/tomcat.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin/startup.sh
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

此外service文件修改后需要调用systemctl daemon-reload命令重新加载。

配置TimeoutSec=0的目的是让开机启动不处理tomcat启动超时,保证tomcat耗时过长时不会被系统terminating,如果不配置可能出现下面的情况

Oct 21 20:26:37 JourWon startup.sh[1634]: Existing PID file found during start.
Oct 21 20:26:37 JourWon startup.sh[1634]: Removing/clearing stale PID file.
Oct 21 20:26:37 JourWon startup.sh[1634]: Tomcat started.
Oct 21 20:26:37 JourWon systemd[1]: PID file /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/tomcat.pid not readable (yet"color: #ff0000">重启服务器

reboot

再次连接后,查看服务状态

[root@JourWon ~]# systemctl status tomcat
● tomcat.service - Tomcat
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
 Active: activating (start) since Mon 2019-10-21 20:12:19 CST; 8s ago
 Process: 9244 ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 CGroup: /system.slice/tomcat.service
   └─9255 /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_152/jre/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apac...

Oct 21 20:12:19 JourWon systemd[1]: Starting Tomcat...
Oct 21 20:12:19 JourWon startup.sh[9244]: Existing PID file found during start.
Oct 21 20:12:19 JourWon startup.sh[9244]: Removing/clearing stale PID file.
Oct 21 20:12:19 JourWon startup.sh[9244]: Tomcat started.
Oct 21 20:12:19 JourWon systemd[1]: PID file /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/tomcat.pid not readable (yet"htmlcode">
[root@JourWon ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep tomcat
tomcat.service        enabled

总结

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的Linux(CentOS7)安装Tomcat与设置Tomcat为开机启动项(tomcat8为例),希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对网站的支持!
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